????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? intellectual. ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? : ??? ?????? ????? madrasat al-'ilm al-hadith ??????/??????/?